How would the data escape the singularity? Nothing comes out of a black hole.
ask the TPTB's!!!!
in the film, cooper and the one robot, went into the black hole-or "skirted it" (read the amazon extras/trivia on the film--one of the scientific criticisms of the film was this scene,nothing can get that close to a black hole without getting sucked in)--either way, this defies known physics.
apparently a part of the film's plot was to do just that in the 'fiction' of it; Cooper and the Bot went close enough (but then they both entered the Tessaract so...) to it-Cooper had his "ghost dad" experience and the Bot got the data
they both then came out where they entered the wormhole-near saturn
i think part of what TPTB's was trying to say (of course so much gets cut or never transferred from the book) was that the black hole was not a "natural" occurring one, but rather it and the wormhole near saturn were constructs of future humans to enable their ancestors to preserve the human race
they kind of mentioned it in cooper's ramblings, but then as he was exiting the tessaract, we see him with an outside view of the Endurance just as it was going through the wormhole. the "light/ alien handshake" that Brand reported was actually Cooper reaching in..err something
so instead of the "them" that was used as aliens it was actually future humans instead--Cooper with the "handshake" and the actual future humans with the wormhole man made blackhole and tesseract
like everyone said-a poorly put together movie.
give a few yrs and maybe someone can make it as the book's author intended it? i read the book is far better (of course it is i am sure)